What does "casting" refer to in materials processing?

Casting is a fundamental process in materials processing that involves pouring liquid material, typically molten metal, into a pre-shaped mold. This technique allows for the creation of complex shapes and structures that would be difficult or impossible to achieve through other methods. Once the liquid material is introduced into the mold, it solidifies as it cools, taking on the shape of the mold cavity.

This method is widely used in various industries, including automotive and aerospace, because it enables the mass production of components with precise dimensions and intricate details. The casting process can also accommodate a variety of materials, such as metals, plastics, and ceramics, making it a versatile technique in manufacturing.

The other options describe different processes: heating materials refers to the preparation stage for casting, cooling metals to room temperature pertains to post-casting processes, and cutting materials into desired shapes is a method associated with machining, rather than casting itself.