What is meant by polymerization?

Polymerization refers to the chemical process where small, simple molecules known as monomers react with each other to form larger, complex structures called polymers. This process is fundamental in the creation of various materials used in countless applications, such as plastics, rubbers, and fibers. During polymerization, the monomers undergo a reaction that links them together in long chains or networks, which contributes to the material's properties, like strength, elasticity, and durability.

This process can occur through different mechanisms, such as addition polymerization, where the monomers add to each other without the loss of any atoms, or condensation polymerization, where small molecules (like water) are eliminated during the formation of the polymer. Understanding polymerization is key in the field of materials science, as it helps in designing and synthesizing new materials suited for specific uses.