What is the primary disadvantage of using high carbon steel?

High carbon steel is known for its increased hardness and strength due to its higher carbon content. However, one of the primary disadvantages of this type of steel is its increased brittleness. The higher carbon levels contribute to a fine microstructure, which can make the material more prone to fracture under stress or impact. This brittleness limits its applications in scenarios where toughness and ductility are essential.

In contrast, lower carbon steels offer greater malleability and ductility because the reduced carbon content allows for a more forgiving microstructure, making them better suited for applications requiring bending or shaping without the risk of breaking. While high carbon steel excels in wear resistance and hardness, the trade-off is its limited ability to absorb energy without fracturing, which is a significant consideration in material selection for various engineering applications.